Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia is poised to become one of the world’s leading producers of hydrogen, capitalizing on its abundant renewable energy resources and robust infrastructure, experts say.

At the Saudi Green Initiative Forum in Riyadh, Abdulrahman Al-Fageeh, CEO and executive board member of SABIC, outlined the Kingdom’s unique advantages in the hydrogen sector.

“Saudi Arabia, by the way, as a country, is going to be the best competitive in terms of the economics of producing hydrogen from any source by having the solar, by having the wind and also by having the gray hydrogen that we have in our systems,” he said.

Al-Fageeh underscored that the Kingdom’s hydrogen ambitions would depend on close collaboration across the entire value chain, as well as strong regulatory support.

“Collaboration across the value chain is key, and regulators will play a crucial role,” he emphasized, highlighting the importance of coordinated efforts to scale production and integrate hydrogen into fuel systems and broader decarbonization strategies.

As part of its hydrogen strategy, SABIC, in collaboration with its parent company Aramco, plans to produce low-carbon ammonia.

“We have committed to advancing our decarbonization efforts using hydrogen and will collaborate with Aramco to produce low-carbon ammonia, which will play an important role in the fuel systems of the future,” Al-Fageeh added.

Sanjiv Lamba, CEO of Linde, also spoke positively about Saudi Arabia’s potential, describing hydrogen as a vital link in the global energy transition.

“Low-carbon hydrogen offers a cost-effective, scalable solution with mature technologies today, ensuring safe and reliable hydrogen production,” he said, adding that Saudi Arabia is particularly well-positioned to produce green hydrogen at globally competitive prices.

Kholoud Al-Otaibi, a clean hydrogen analyst at the Saudi Ministry of Energy, highlighted the Kingdom’s ongoing progress in building the necessary infrastructure for hydrogen production and export.

“The Kingdom is already taking deliberate steps to develop the protection and capacity, as well as the export infrastructure needed for hydrogen,” she said, underscoring the potential of hydrogen to support a sustainable energy future.

Despite the optimism, panelists cautioned that hydrogen alone will not solve global decarbonization challenges.

“It is one of many solutions. To address this pragmatically, we need to answer three key questions: where, what, and how,” said Al-Fageeh.

Francois Jackow, CEO of Air Liquide, noted that the energy transition is at a critical “scale-up phase,” requiring substantial investment and industrial innovation to unlock its full potential.

The forum also tackled broader challenges in climate finance, with experts stressing the urgent need to bridge the funding gap for climate adaptation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Mohammed Ayoub, lead climate finance negotiator at the Saudi Ministry of Energy, warned that macroeconomic factors, such as unsustainable debt levels and foreign exchange risks, are restricting access to capital for developing nations.

“This is driving up the cost of capital due to lower sovereign ratings,” Ayoub said, explaining that it limits critical investments in climate adaptation measures that save lives and improve quality of life in vulnerable regions.

Florent Baarsch, founder and CEO of finres, highlighted the scale of the shortfall, pointing out that current overseas development assistance stands at $220 billion annually, far below the $300 billion to $500 billion needed each year for climate adaptation.

“Even if we allocated the entire ODA to adaptation, it would still fall short,” Baarsch said.

Rachel Kyte, the UK special representative on climate, said that adaptation finance must prioritize the most vulnerable populations and combine public and private funding to meet the scale of the challenge.